Mitochondrial Research Stack

Each compound targets a different layer of mitochondrial function. SS-31 restores the physical structure (cristae and cardiolipin), MOTS-C optimizes metabolic signalling (AMPK, glucose metabolism), and NAD+ replenishes the bioenergetic substrate (sirtuin activation, ATP production). Together, they address mitochondrial hardware, software, and fuel.

SS-31 is the only compound that selectively binds cardiolipin on the inner mitochondrial membrane. While NAD+ and MOTS-C work through signalling and metabolic pathways, SS-31 directly stabilizes the physical structure where energy production occurs. It is also the first FDA-approved drug targeting mitochondrial dysfunction.

Published research protocols typically run 8-12 weeks for comprehensive mitochondrial assessment. SS-31 has shown measurable effects on mitochondrial respiration within the first week, while MOTS-C and NAD+ metabolic effects build over 4-6 weeks. Longer protocols allow assessment of sustained mitochondrial remodelling.

All three compounds are supplied as lyophilized powder in sealed vials. Reconstitute each separately with bacteriostatic water according to the included instructions. Administer via daily subcutaneous injection. Store reconstituted vials refrigerated and use within 30 days.